️ Bareos/Bacula — Enterprise Backup

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tags:

• backups
• s3
• sysadmin

• linux

  Architecture Overview

Components & Default Ports

[!TIP] Bareos is the actively maintained fork of Bacula with additional features and more frequent releases. Use Bareos for new deployments.

Installation

Bareos (Recommended

# Debian/Ubuntu (Debian 12 example)
wget -q https://download.bareos.org/current/Debian_12/Release.key -O- | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://download.bareos.org/current/Debian_12/ /" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bareos.list
apt update && apt install bareos bareos-database-postgresql  # Install / Установить

# RHEL / AlmaLinux / Rocky
dnf install bareos bareos-database-postgresql  # Install / Установить

Bacula (Original)

# Debian/Ubuntu
apt install bacula bacula-director-mysql bacula-sd bacula-fd

Initialize Catalog Database

/usr/lib/bareos/scripts/create_bareos_database     # Create DB / Создать БД
/usr/lib/bareos/scripts/make_bareos_tables          # Create tables / Создать таблицы
/usr/lib/bareos/scripts/grant_bareos_privileges     # Grant privileges / Выдать права

bconsole Basics

bconsole                                        # Start console / Запустить консоль

Common bconsole Commands

status dir                                      # Director status / Статус директора
status client                                   # Client status / Статус клиента
status storage                                  # Storage status / Статус хранилища
messages                                        # Show recent messages / Последние сообщения
quit                                            # Exit console / Выйти из консоли
help                                            # Show all commands / Все команды

Job Management

Run Jobs

run                                             # Run job (interactive wizard) / Интерактивный запуск
run job=BackupClient1 yes                       # Run specific job / Конкретная задача
run job=BackupClient1 level=Full yes            # Full backup / Полный бэкап
run job=BackupClient1 level=Incremental yes     # Incremental / Инкрементальный
run job=BackupClient1 level=Differential yes    # Differential / Дифференциальный

List & Monitor Jobs

list jobs                                       # All jobs / Все задачи
list jobs jobname=BackupClient1                 # Jobs for specific client / Задачи клиента
list jobs days=7                                # Jobs from last 7 days / Задачи за 7 дней
status dir running                              # Running jobs only / Только запущенные
list joblog jobid=<JOB_ID>                      # Log for specific job / Лог задачи

Cancel & Delete

[!WARNING] delete job removes the job record from the catalog permanently. The data on volumes is not immediately freed — run prune or purge afterward.

cancel jobid=<JOB_ID>                           # Cancel running job / Отменить запущенную
delete job jobid=<JOB_ID>                       # Delete job from catalog / Удалить из каталога

Volume & Pool Management

List Volumes

list volumes                                    # All volumes / Все тома
list volumes pool=Full                          # Volumes in specific pool / Тома в пуле
list media                                      # List media / Список носителей

Volume Operations

label                                           # Label new volume / Пометить новый том
update volume=Vol-0001                          # Update volume properties / Обновить свойства
prune volume=Vol-0001                           # Remove expired job records / Удалить устаревшие записи

# Purge removes ALL job data from volume — use with caution!
# / Purge
purge volume=Vol-0001

[!CAUTION] purge volume removes ALL backup records referencing that volume from the catalog, making recovery impossible. Only use when decommissioning a volume.

Pool Management

list pools                                      # List pools / Список пулов
update pool=Full                                # Update pool settings / Обновить настройки пула

Restore Operations

Interactive Restore

restore                                         # Restore wizard / Мастер восстановления
restore all                                     # Restore all files / Восстановить все файлы
restore select                                  # Select files interactively / Выбрать файлы

Restore by Job ID

restore jobid=<JOB_ID>                          # Restore from job / Восстановить из задачи
restore jobid=<JOB_ID> where=/tmp/restore       # Restore to alternate path / В другое место

Restore Latest

restore client=client1-fd select all done yes  # Restore latest / Восстановить последний

Catalog Queries

list files jobid=<JOB_ID>                       # Files in job / Файлы в задаче
list clients                                    # List clients / Список клиентов
list jobs client=client1-fd                     # Jobs for client / Задачи клиента
list backups                                    # All backups / Все бэкапы
query                                           # Custom SQL query / Кастомный SQL запрос

Client Operations

File Daemon Service

systemctl status bareos-fd                      # Check FD status / Проверить статус
systemctl start bareos-fd                       # Start FD / Запустить
systemctl enable bareos-fd                      # Enable at boot / Включить при загрузке

Estimate Backup Size

estimate job=BackupClient1                      # Estimate all / Оценить всё
estimate job=BackupClient1 level=Full           # Estimate full backup / Оценить полный бэкап

Configuration Essentials

Director Configuration

/etc/bareos/bareos-dir.d/

Job {
  Name = "BackupClient1"
  Type = Backup
  Level = Incremental
  Client = client1-fd
  FileSet = "Full Set"
  Schedule = "WeeklyCycle"
  Storage = File
  Messages = Standard
  Pool = Default
  Priority = 10
  Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bareos/%c.bsr"
}

Storage Daemon Configuration

/etc/bareos/bareos-sd.d/

Client (File Daemon) Configuration

/etc/bareos/bareos-fd.d/

Client {
  Name = client1-fd
  Address = <CLIENT_IP>
  FDPort = 9102
  Catalog = MyCatalog
  Password = "<PASSWORD>"
  File Retention = 60 days
  Job Retention = 6 months
  AutoPrune = yes
}

FileSet Example

/etc/bareos/bareos-dir.d/fileset/

FileSet {
  Name = "Full Set"
  Include {
    Options {
      signature = MD5
      compression = GZIP
    }
    File = /var/www
    File = /etc
  }
  Exclude {
    File = /tmp
    File = /var/tmp
    File = *.tmp
  }
}

Sysadmin Operations

Service Management

systemctl status bareos-dir                     # Director status / Статус директора
systemctl status bareos-sd                      # Storage Daemon status / Статус хранилища
systemctl status bareos-fd                      # File Daemon status / Статус File Daemon
systemctl restart bareos-dir                    # Restart director / Перезапустить директора

Logs & Monitoring

journalctl -u bareos-dir                        # Director logs / Логи директора
journalctl -u bareos-sd                         # Storage logs / Логи хранилища
journalctl -u bareos-fd                         # FD logs / Логи FD
tail -f /var/log/bareos/bareos.log              # Bareos combined log / Общий лог

Log Paths

/var/log/bareos/bareos.log         # Main log / Основной лог
/var/log/bareos/bareos-audit.log   # Audit log / Аудит лог

Logrotate / Logrotate

/etc/logrotate.d/bareos

/var/log/bareos/*.log {
    daily
    rotate 30
    compress
    delaycompress
    missingok
    notifempty
    create 640 root root
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
        systemctl kill --signal=HUP bareos-dir 2>/dev/null || true
    endscript
}

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

# "No Jobs running" / "Нет
status dir                                      # Check director / Проверить директора
messages                                        # Check messages / Проверить сообщения

# "Could not connect to client" / "Нет
systemctl status bareos-fd                      # Client FD running? / FD запущен?
telnet <CLIENT_IP> 9102                         # Test TCP connectivity / Тест соединения

# "Volume errors" / "Ошибки
list volumes                                    # Check volume status / Статус томов
update volume                                   # Fix volume status / Исправить статус

Catalog Maintenance

bareos-dbcheck                                  # Check catalog integrity / Проверить каталог
prune files                                     # Remove expired file records / Удалить устаревшие
prune jobs                                      # Remove expired job records / Удалить устаревшие задачи
prune volumes                                   # Remove expired volumes / Удалить устаревшие тома

Debug Mode

bareos-dir -d 100 -f                            # Debug director / Отладка директора
bareos-sd -d 100 -f                             # Debug storage / Отладка хранилища
bareos-fd -d 100 -f                             # Debug FD / Отладка FD

Documentation

• Bacula Documentation: https://www.bacula.org/
• Bacula Man Pages: https://www.bacula.org/manuals/